Coffee – Detailed Notes
Introduction
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. It is prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of the coffee plant. Coffee is known for its pleasant aroma, rich taste, and stimulating effect due to the presence of caffeine.
History of Coffee
Origin of Coffee
Coffee is believed to have originated in Ethiopia in East Africa around the 9th century. According to legend, a goat herder named Kaldi discovered coffee when he noticed that his goats became energetic after eating the berries of a coffee plant. Local monks later used these berries to prepare a drink that helped them stay awake during long hours of prayer.
Spread of Coffee
From Ethiopia, coffee spread to Yemen, where it was first cultivated on a large scale. By the 15th century, coffee had become popular throughout the Arab world. Coffeehouses became important centers for social gatherings, business meetings, and intellectual discussions.
In the 17th century, coffee was introduced to Europe through traders. It quickly gained popularity and coffeehouses were established in major cities. European colonists later carried coffee plants to Asia, Africa, and South America, leading to worldwide cultivation.
Coffee Plant
Scientific Classification
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Family: Rubiaceae
- Genus: Coffea
Main Species
Arabica
- Produces high-quality coffee.
- Has a smooth and mild flavor.
- Contains less caffeine.
- Represents about 60–70% of global coffee production.
Robusta
- Stronger and more bitter taste.
- Contains more caffeine.
- More resistant to diseases and pests.
- Commonly used in instant coffee.
Cultivation of Coffee
Coffee plants grow best in tropical and subtropical climates with:
- Moderate temperatures (15°C–24°C)
- Adequate rainfall
- Fertile, well-drained soil
- High-altitude regions